Sorghum pdf

Management Disease can be controlled by planting sorghum varieties that or tolerant or resistant to the disease. Small, oval or elongated red spots on leaves; lesions coalesce and develop hard black fungal fruiting bodies, giving the leaves a sandpaper-like texture; rough areas may become large enough to kill entire leaf.

Management Sorghum varieties with a high level of resistance should be planted in areas where the disease is problematic but the disease generally causes only minor losses when present. Head replaced by brown, powdery mass of fungal spores covered by gray to brown membrane; entire head may be affected or fungus may be localized at the top, bottom or sides of the head; plants are usually or normal height. Management Disease can be controlled by growing resistant varieties and through the application of appropriate fungicides.

Concentric or zoned patches of red and purple bands separated by straw colored or tan bands on leaves; spots often occur in a semi-circular pattern along leaf margins; salmon colored spore masses may develop on lesions during periods of wet weather. These conditions may cause heat, molding and sprouting. However, if the temperature does not drop, little benefit will result other than a slight amount of evaporative cooling. Sorghum has more trash mixed in the grain after combining than any other common crop.

If harvested prior to frost, pieces of green stems and foliage often mix in with the grain. This foreign matter is difficult to remove before drying. Trash in the dryer can be a fire hazard and offers resistance to air movement. Inspect dryers to make sure all parts unload properly, and do not run dryers unattended for long periods of time. Trash pulled into the dryer air intake often causes fires.

Trash in the dryer air intake is carried through the flame and deposited, still glowing, in the plenum chamber and possibly in the grain. You may prevent this from happening by keeping the ground clean near the dryer air intake. The intake may also be shielded with a wire screen that keeps the trash out. Trash may also blow under the bin drying floors and sift through perforated floors, creating a fire hazard.

Trash is usually removed from the grain by sifting through a screen or sieve. The seed fall through while trash remains.

Most rotary drum cleaners are designed to retain the seed and drop the fines. Removing fines often overloads the take-away conveyors when you clean sorghum.

With rotary screens, the grain falls through and trash is retained, requiring a means to catch the portion that would normally be the fines in a normal cleaning operation. Dryers do not force air through grain sorghum as easily as through corn because the smaller grains leave less space for air movement. The kernels are small, the moisture content is usually high and the resistance to air flow is extremely high.

Figure 1 shows the pressure drop per foot of grain depth for various airflow rates for both grain sorghum and corn. This pressure drop is a measure of how difficult it is to move air through grain. The higher the pressure drop for a given airflow rate, the more resistance the grain offers to airflow. In practice, you can use the same fan; however, sorghum will dry more slowly than corn.

If you have in-bin corn drying equipment, you must decrease the grain depths to handle grain sorghum. Unfortunately, in-bin corn drying equipment is not adequately designed to handle corn on many Southeastern farms.

Genoptypes Source Sr. Three principal components The cumulative variability of three presented in Table 2, including plant height The PC1 shared PC1 showed weak and positive correlation with the brix value 0. The PC2 contributed for Negative correlation was BV 0. Brix value represented While, strong and negative LAI 0.

The remaining variables had weak FLL 0. Thus, the most important FLW 0. These genotypes could be fresh biomass, dry biomass and leaf length. The more variable genotypes in G0 were , leaf width, stem thickness and flag leaf area index were , and The genotypes which were allocated away from the central Biplot Analysis point to the coordinate system, proved more variable as compared to the ones plotted near the central point.

The This analysis depicted that variables were super imposed promising genotypes grouped in G1 included , , as vector; relative length of the vector was characterized and The genotypes which were plotted away from showed good performance regarding biomass related traits origin represented less similarity and more variation in in G2.

While in G3, P, Johar , P, P- comparison with the ones plotted close to the central point. Leaf area index was positively correlated with number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, fresh biomass, dry biomass, flag leaf area index, stem thickness and days to maturity. Flag leaf area index showed positive correlation pattern with leaf area index, fresh biomass, stem thickness, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, flag leaf width and dry biomass.

Fresh and dry Fig. Days to maturity showed highly significant and positive correlation with all quantitative traits except brix value Table 4. Here, main cluster was divided into seven sub clusters. Cluster C1 comprised of 96 genotypes and 67 morphotypes.

The only genotype P present in cluster C7 was placed in the separate class. The C3 accommodated 27 genotypes and 18 morphotypes. Cluster C2 was made up of 58 genotypes and 37 morphotypes and four genotypes belonged to C4.

There were 45 genotypes and 3 morphotypes in C5. The C6 contained 18 genotypes in which 12 were morphotypes. Based on similarity, seven classes were formed Fig. The class centroids and their characterization is given in Table. The VII class nominator P showed better genetic All the traits were well represented and exhibited high variability or genetic potential for different morphological variability Fig.

Variance decomposition indicated While, flag leaf area index, leaf area index, respectively. The Identification of Promising Genotypes for Sorghum high variability in the traits representing the divergence Improvement Program among genotypes could be used in sorghum breeding program effectively. Morphological characterization led to the selection of twenty genotypes for sorghum improvement program, Correlation Analysis considering the economic preference traits fresh biomass and days to flowering of Pakistani farmers.

The Significant association between quantitative traits was screened genotypes were also identified in positive derived from the Pearson correlation analysis. The trait coordinates of principal component analysis. The genotypes biomass, plant height and days to maturity. The BM and Johar showed intermediate range for phenotypic correlation of brix value was highly both characters i.

The made in previous experiments Jain et al. Majority of Pakistan while K took the longest to flower 93 days Fig. We suggest that highly diverse Discussion sorghum germplasm of Pakistan may share the common ancestor as of Ethiopian sorghum. Such a diverse Morphological characterization is the vital step to explore germplasm might be a good candidate for varietal and classify the genetic diversity of available germplasm development Jain et al.

Rakshit et al. Present study provides the Multivariate statistical tools offer valuable comprehensive information on exploiting multivariate information to find morphological diversity within and analysis tools to evaluate sorghum germplasm of Pakistan.

Present As reported earlier Jadhav et al. The diversity among the genotypes. PC1 being the highest range of values recorded for days to flowering, plant height, contributor having The genotypes away from the origin K, PARC-SV-1, P, SP and Indian-1 in G2 can be used in heterosis breeding program due to their efficient discriminatory power related to examined parameters and maximum diversity among them.

Generally, for the varietal development, structure analysis and association studies, genotypes are screened from the first two PCs. Grouping of the germplasm in the coordinates can be useful in determining minicore collection Rakshit and Patil, for sorghum in Pakistan.

Association mapping can be done on the germplasm of minicore collection to identify the quantitative trait loci QTLs and thereby to find Fig. Similar correlation pattern was observed in the previous studies Abubakar and Bubuche, ; Jain and Patel, UPGMA analysis yielded morphotypes of sorghum genotypes under study. The genotype P exhibited maximum variability for all the traits and hence, indicated the presence of synonymies within germplasm as earlier reported Dossou-Aminon et al.

The twenty elite genotypes that belonged to different groups or morphotypes can be crossed in diallel mating Fig. These screened genotypes can be subjected to mass selection for three generations to enhance homozygosity of the useful quantitative characters Rakshit and Patil, Your Comment:. Read Online Download. Great book, Red Sorghum pdf is enough to raise the goose bumps alone.

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